Intellectual Competence & the Death Penalty

An attempt to provide understandable and up-to-date information regarding intelligence testing, intelligence theories, personal competence, adaptive behavior and intellectual disability (mental retardation) as they relate to death penalty (capital punishment) issues. A particular focus will be on psychological measurement, statistical and psychometric issues.

Tuesday, March 20, 2012

Arbitrary Death: An Empirical Study of Mitigation - Washington University Law Review

http://lawreview.wustl.edu/in-print/arbitrary-death-an-empirical-study-of-mitigation/

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Posted by Kevin McGrew at 3:57 PM

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Kevin McGrew: Dr. Kevin McGrew is Director of the Institute for Applied Psychometrics (llc). Additional information, including potential conflicts of interest resulting from commercial test development or other consultation, can be found at The MindHub(TM; http://www.themindhub.com ). General email contact is iqmcgrew@gmail.com

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Flynn Effect Reference Project

Applied Psychometrics 101 (AP101) Reports

AP101 #13: Problems with the 1960 and 1986 Stanford-Binet IQ scores in Atkins MR/ID death penalty cases
AP101 #11: Time to stop executing the mentally retarded--The case for applying the standard error of measurement (SEM)
AP101: #10: "Just say no" to averaging IQ subtest scores
AP101: # 1 Understanding IQ score differences
AP101 #2: What does the WAIS-IV measure?
AP101:#3 MDS of WJ III and CHC model implications
AP101:#4 Cluster analysis of WJ III: Theory and interp implications
AP101 #5: Standard error of measurement (SEM): An explanation and facts for "fact finders" in MR/ID death penalty proceedings
AP101 #6: Flynn Effect Series-What is the Flynn Effect?
AP101 #7: Flynn Effect Series--Is the Flynn Effect a Scientifically Accepted Fact?
AP101 #8: Flynn Effect Series: Brief History of FE--It was NOT given birth by Atkins SCOTUS decision
AP 101 #9: Why the ASVAB should not be used in the determination of a diagnosis of MR/ID

Applied Psychometrics 101 (AP101) Briefs

AP 101 Brief 18: Misunderstanding and misuse of achievement test scores in Atkins MR/ID death penalty cases: Part 2--Range of expected grade equivalents
AP 101 Brief # 18: Misunderstanding and misuse of achievement test scores in Atkins MR/ID death penalty cases: Part 1--Range of expected standard scores
AP 101 Brief # 14:Demographically adjusted neuropsych (Heaton) norm-based scores inappropriate for MR/ID Dx
AP 101 #12: Use of IQ component part scores as indicators of general intelligence in SLD and MR/ID diagnoses
AP101 Brief # 11: What is the typical IQ and adaptive behavior correlation?
AP101 Brief # 10: Understanding IQ score differecnes--Examiner errors
AP 101 Brief # 9: The problem with the 1/1.5 SD SS (15/22) subtest difference "rule-of-thumb"
AP101 Brief #8: Independent CFA of French WAIS-IV
AP101 Brief #5: The Wechsler-like IQ subtest scaled score metric: The potential for misuse, misinterpretation and impact on critical life decisions
AP101 Brief #2: IQ test battery descriptive comparison information
AP101 Brief #1: g or not to g
AP101 Brief # 7: Understandig IQ score differences via IQ Test CHC DNA Fingerprint analyses
AP101 Brief # 4: CHC theory and impact on IQ testing brief
AP 101 Brief # 6: Understanding Wechsler IQ score differences: The CHC evolution of the FS IQ's

Atkins-related PPT slide shows

D. Keyes & S. Blandino: Intellectual disability assessment: Malingering and retrodiagnosis in death penalty cases
F. Gresham: Intellectual assessment in Atkins cases and use of school diagnoses
J. Blume: An empirical look at Atkins v Virginia ands its application in capital cases
K. McGrew: [all other Slideshare PPT shows related to intelligence]
K. McGrew: IQ score interpretation in Atkins cases: The good, bad and the ugly
K. McGrew: The Flynn Effect in Atkins MR/ID cases: To adjust or not to adjust--that is the question
S. Greenspan: 2011 AAIDD Atkins symposium presentation

Atkins MR/ID Court Decisions & Related Doocuments

Agee v Oregon (2015)
Albarran v AL (2011)
Allen v IN (2012)
Altamirano (2019; Az)
Anderson v AR (2004; 2011)
Arbelaez v Florida (2010)
Atkins v VA (US Supreme Court, 2002)
Baer v Indiana (2011)
Bays v Ohio (2013)
Beckworth v AL (2009)
Bedford v Ohio (2011)
Bell v LA (2010)
Bell v MS (2011)
Bell v South Carolina (2016)
Berry v Epps (MS, 2006)
Bevel v FL (2008)
Bies v Bagley (OH; 2012)
Black v US (TN, 2005, 2011)
Blonner v OK (2006)
Blue v Thaler (TX, 2010, 2011)
Bourgeois v US (2020)
Bowles v FL (2019)
Bowling v Haeberline (KY, 2005)
Boyston v Az (2013)
Bracey v PA (2009)
Branch v Epps (204, 2007, 2011)
Briseno (exparte Briseno, TX, 2004)
Brown v FL (2007, 2009)
Brownlow v Texas (2020)
Brumfield v Cain (LA, 2008, 2009,2012, 2014,2015-SCOTUS)
Burke v OH (2005)
Burns v Fl (2006, 2011)
Burns v VA (2010)
Butler v Quarterman (TX, 2008, 2012)
Campbell v CA (2008, 2008b)
Candelerio-Santana (US-Puerto Rico; 2013)
Cathey v Texas (2013, 2017)
Cherry v FL (2007)
Chester v Thaler (TX, 2011)
Cole v Branker (NC, 2007, 2008)
Coleman v TN (2010)
Coleman v TN (2011)
Connor v Hall (GA, 2011)
Coonce v USA (2016)
Cribbs v TN (2009)
Daniel v AL (2011)
Davis v US (Maryland, 2009)
DeJesus v PA (2012)
Doss v MS (2009)
Dufour v FL(2008,2009,2011)
Dunn v LA (2010)
Elmore v SC (2010)
Engram v AR (2004)
Escobedo v Thaler (TX, 2012)
Esparaza v Thaler (TX, 2010)
Ford v OH (2019)
Foster v FL (2006)
Fraier v Bobby (Ohio, 2011)
Franqui v FL (2009)
Franqui v Florida (2011)
Frazier v OH (2007)
Frazier v OH (2008)
Fults v OK (2012)
Garcia v Thayer (TX, 2009)
Goodin v MS (2012, 2012)
Green v VA (2006,2007,2008)
Grell v AZ (2013)
Guevara v Thaler (TX, 2008, 2010)
Guevara v Thaler (TX, 2011)
Gumm v OH (2006)
Haliburton v FL (2021)
Hall v Thaler (TX, 2008, 2009, 2010)
Hall v TX (2012)
Hammond v OH (2008)
Hardy v US (LA, 2010)
Harris v OK (2019)
Harris v Thaler (TX, 2012)
Hearn v TX (2010, 2012)
Hedrick v True (VA, 2006)
Henderson v TX (2010, 2015)
Hernandez v Thaler (TX, 2011)
Herring v FL (2009)
Herring v FL (2011)
Hicks v GA (2004)
Hill v OH (2008)
Hill v Ohio (2011)
Hill v Schofield (GA,2010); Hill v Humphrey (2011); Hill v US (GA, 2013)
Hines v Thaler (TX, 2010, 2011, 2011b)
Hodges v Floridan (2010)
Holladay v Allen (AL, 2009)
Holmes v LA (2008)
Hooks v OK (2005, 2010, 2012)
Horak v NH (2010)
Howell v OK (2006)
Howell v TN (2011)
Hughes v Epps (MS, 2010)
Jackson v Norris (AR, 2010)
Jenkins v AL (2019)
Jimenez-Benceviz v USA (2013; Peurto Rico)
Johnson v Missouri (2013,2011, 2008)
Johnston v FL (2006, 2010)
Jones v FL (2007)
Jones v McNeil (Fl, 2011)
Jones v NC (2006-2008)
Keen v TN (2012)
Kilgore v McNeil (FL, 2010)
King v MS (2007,08,09)
Lambert v OK (2005)
Lane v Alabama (2018)
Lang v Ohio (2011)
Larry v Branker (NC, 2006, 2009)
Lewis v Ohio (2010)
Lewis v Thaler (TX, 2008, 2010, 2012)
Lizcano v TX (2010)
Long v Davis (TX: 2016)
Lorraine v OH (2007)
Lott v OH (2007)
Lynch v Hudson (OH, 2011)
Lynch v OH (2009)
Lyons v Crawford/Nixon (MO, 2009)
Maldonado vs Thaler (TX, 2009, 2010, 2012)
Matamoros v Thayer (TX, 2010)
Mathis v Thaler (2005, 2007, 2010, TX)
McCoy v OH (2009)
McDade v US (Al, 2010)
Mclaughlin v Polk (NC, 2006)
Meyers v Allen (AL, 2011, 2009, 2007)
Milam v TX (2021)
Miller v AR (2010)
Mitchell v Epps (MS, 2010)
Mitchell v Epps (MS, 2011)
Moore v Quarterman (TX, 2009) SCOTUS decision (2017), 2018 final decison, 2018 AG and ABA intervene
Moore v US (2011)
Moormann v Scriro (AZ, 2012)
Mundt v OH (2007)
Murphy v OH (2006, 2009)
Murphy v OK (2002, 2012
Myers v Workman (TX, 2010)
Nance v AR (2006)
Nelson v LA (2006)
Nicholson v Branker (NC, 2010)
Nixon v FL (2009, 2016, 2017)
O' Neal v Ohio (2010, 2011)
Ochoa v OK (2006)
Ochoa v Workman (OK, 2010)
Ortiz v US (2007, 2011)
Parker v US (Military, 2007)
Parrish v KY (2008, 2010)
Petetan v TX (2021)
Phillips v FL (2008. 2020)
Pickens v OK (2005)
Pierce v Thaler (TX, 2009, 2010)
Pizzuto v Idaho (2012, 2019)
Plata v TX (2007)
Pruitt v IN (2005, 2009, 2012, 2015(
Pruitt v TN (2011)
Ramirez v Ryan (AZ, 2010)
Raulerson (2019, Ga)
Reeves v AL (2020)
Richardson v Branker (NC, 2012)
Ripkowski v Thaler (TX, 2011)
Robinson v Schriro (Az, 2010)
Rodgers v FL (2006)
Rodrigues v Cook (CA, 2010)
Russell v Mississippi (2018)
Salazar v OK (2005)
Sanchez v PA (2010)
Sasser v Hobbs (AR, 2010, 2012)
Schoenwetter v FL (2010)
Shields v US (TN, 2012)
Smith v LA (2011)
Smith v OK (2010)
Smith v OK (2019)
Smith v TN (2010)
Sosa v TX (2012)
Stallings v OH (2008)
State v Duncan (AZ, 2009)
Stripling v GA (2011)
Tarver v Wilson (AL, 2012)
Taylor v Quarterman (TX, 2006, 2007)
Tharpe v Humphrey (GA, 2008, 2012)
Thomas v Allen (AL, 2009, 2010)
Thomas v FL (2004)
Thompson v Florida (2016)
Thorson v MS (2011)
Trevino v TX ( 2008, 2009)
Trotter v FL (2006)
Turner v US (FL, 2011)
Umana v US (2010)
Vela v NE (2010)
Vidal v CA (2005, 2007)
Waddy v Ohio (2011)
Walker v Kelly (VA, 2010)
Walker v True (VA 2005)
Walls v Florida (2016, 2019)
Watkins v NC (2011)
Webster (2019, IN)
Webster v US (2010, 2021)
Were v OH (2008)
Weston v AR (2006)
White v KY (2010)
White v OH (2008)
Wiley v Epps (MS, 2009, 2010)
Williams v LA (2009)
Williams v Mitchell (OH, 2011)
Williams v OH (2008)
Williams v PA (2013)
Williams v Thayer (TX,2007, 2008, 2010)
Wilson v Texas (2010, 2011)
Wilson v US (NY, 2014, 2016)
Winston v VA (2011, 2009, 2007, 2012)
Woods v TX (2008,20009)
Wright v Florida (2018)
Ybarra v NV (2011)

Atkins Related Articles

Benforado (2010): The geography of criminal law
Bilz (2010). Defending the (Mis)Use of Statistics in Law
Blume et al (2009). An empirical look at Atkins & its application in capital cases
Blume et al (2009). Of Atkins & Men: Deviatons from Clinical Defs of MR in DP cases
Bonnie (2004). AP(sychiatric)A resource doc on MR and capital sentencing
Bonnie & Gustafson (2007). Challenge of implementing Atkins: How legislatures and courts can promote accurate assessments and adjudications of MR in DP cases
Broderick (2022). Executing Defendants with Intellectual Disabilities: Unconstitutional in Theory, Persistent in Practice
Brown & Murphy (2010). Through a scanner darkley: Functional neuroimaging as evidence of a criminal defendant's past mental states
Cheung (2013): Defining intellectual disability and establishing a standard of proof: Suggestions for a national model standard
Church (2003). Mandating Dignity: The United States SupremeCourt’s Extreme Departure From Precedent Regarding the Eighth Amendment and the Death Penalty
Cohen (2010). The racial geography of the death penalty
Colon (2009). Capital crime: How CA admin of the death penalty violates the 8th ammendment
Crowell (2016) on the Texas Briseno adaptive behavior factors
Dillard (2011). How to achieve the categorical exception of MR subjects from execution
Ellis (2014); SCOTUS Hall v Florida decisions: Implementing Atkins
Ellis et all. (2018): Evaluating INtellectual Disability: Clinical Assessments in Atkins Cases
Garrett (2010). Substance of false confessions
Gershowitz (2010). Statewide capital punishment: The case for eliminating counties' role in death penalty
Hans (2009). The Twenty-First Century Jury: Worst of Times or Best of Times?
Harvard Law Review: Admiting Doubt: A New Standard for Evidence
Hashimoto (2010): Class matters
Haug & Baird (2011). Find the Error in Daubert
Haydt et al. (2014): Advantages of DSM-5 in Dx of Intellectual Disability
Hudson et al (2008). Lightning but no thunder: The need for clarity in military courts re: the def. of mental retardation in capital cases for procedures in implementing Atkins v Virginia
Johnson et al. (2019): Race, ID & death: Invidious influences on Atkins determinations
Kan (2009). Presenting information about mental retardation in the courtroom: A content analysis of pre-Atkins capital trial trancripts from Texas
Kaye (2016): Deadly statistics: Quantifying an “Unacceptable Risk” in Capital Punishment
Kirchmeier (2010: The undiscovered country: Execution competency and comprehending death
Kirchmeier et al. (2010). Vigilante Justice: Prosecutor Misconduct in Capital Cases.
LaPrade & Worrall (2020): Atkins State-by-state analysise
Lucas (2017): An Empirical Assessment of Georgia's Beyond a Reasonable Doubt Standard to Determine Intellectual Disability in Capital Cases
Markel (2009). Executing retributivism: Panetti & the future of the 8th Ammendment
Maroney (2011). Adolescent Brain Science since Graham v Florida
Monahan & Walker (2010). 25-years of social science and the law
Mossman (2003). Atkins-A psychiatric can of worms
Mulroy (2012): Execution by accident: Evidentiary & constitutional problems with the "childhood onset" requirement in Atkins claims
Nevins-Saunders (2010). Incomprehensible crimes: Defendants with mental retardation and statuatory rape
Perlin (2009): Can international rights laws be an effective source of rights in correctional conditions litigation?
Perlin (2009): Some Therapeutic jurisprudence dilemmas in the representation of criminal defendants in incompetency and insanity cases
Perlin (2020). “Man is Opposed to Fair Play”: An Empirical Analysis of How the Fifth Circuit Has Failed to Take Seriously Atkins v. Virginia
Primus (2010). Structural view of habeas corpus
Raffensperger (2013): Atkins v Virginia: The need for consistent substantive and procedural application of the ban on executing the intellectually disabled.
Roko (2010). Finality, habeas, innocence, and the death penalty: Can justice be done?
Rutledge (2010): Decisional Sequencing
Ryan (2009). Does the 8th amendment punishments clause prohibit only punishments that are both cruel and unusual?
Ryan (2010). Judging Cruelty
Sanger (2015). IQ, intelligence tests, "ethnic adjustments" and Atkins
Steiker & Steiker (2010). No More Tinkering with the Death Penalty
Sundby (2011): War & Peace in the Jury Room: How Capital Juries Reach Unanimity
Tuerkheimer (2010). Criminal justice at a crossroads: Science-dependent prosecution and the problem of epistemic contingency
Weithorn (2008). Conceptual hurdles in application of Atkins
Wexler (2010). Therapeutic jurisprudence and its application to criminal justice research and development
White (2009). Treated differently in life but not in death

Amicus Briefs

APA: Moore v Texas (2016)
AAIDD/ARC Lizcano v Texas (2015)
APA and AAIDD: Hall v Florida (2014)
ACLU: Wood v Allen (2009)
APA: Juvenile sentencing (2005,2009)
AAIDD: Dufour v Florida (2009)
AAIDD: Briseno v Quarterman (2008)
AAMR: Stripling v Head (2003)
AAMR et al: Tennard v. Dretke ( 2003)

Standards, Ethics, Guidelines & Position Statements

AAPL forensic guidelines for eval. of psychiatric disability
American Academy of Psychiatry (2005) Ethics for Forensic Psychiatry
ABA (2006) position statement
AERA/APA/NCME (2014) Joint Test Standards
Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychology (2012)

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