Article: Forensic experts may be biased by the side that retains them

Forensic experts may be biased by the side that retains them
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-08/afps-fem082713.php#.UiCzCYkfLnQ.twitter

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STUDIES: The Role of Implicit Racial Bias in the Death Penalty [feedly]

 
 

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STUDIES: The Role of Implicit Racial Bias in the Death Penalty

A new study testing internal attitudes and stereotypes among potential jurors in six death penalty states may help to explain the racial disparities that persist in the application of capital punishment. Researchers Justin Levinson (l.), Robert Smith (r.), and Danielle Young tested 445 jury-eligible individuals and found they harbored two kinds of racial bias: they maintained racial stereotypes about Blacks and Whites and made associations between the race of an individual and the value of his or her life. Those studied tended to associate Whites more with "worth" and Blacks with "worthless." The study further found that death-qualified jurors held stronger racial biases than potential jurors who would be excluded from serving in death penalty cases.

Justin D. Levinson is a Professor of Law and the Director of the Culture and Jury Project, University of Hawai`i at Manoa Law School. Robert J. Smith is an Assistant Professor of Law at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Danielle M. Young is a Postdoctoral Researcher at Rutgers University.

(J. Levinson, et al., "Devaluing Death: An Empirical Study of Implicit Racial Bias on Jury-Eligible Citizens in Six Death Penalty States," New York University Law Review (forthcoming); DPIC posted August 29, 2013). See Race. Read more studies on the death penalty. Listen to DPIC's podcast on race.

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Knowledge Alert - JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

> Title:
> Why Do Some People with Intellectual Disability Engage in Offending Behaviour and What Can We Do About It? Editorial
>
> Authors:
> Lindsay, WR; Hastings, RP; Beail, N
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):351-356; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background The field of forensic intellectual disabilities has been
> developing rapidly over the last 15years. Much of the work has been
> built on research in mainstream criminality but more recently studies
> have emerged that reveal issues specific to offenders with intellectual
> disability.
> Method Research on pathways into offending is reviewed with reference to
> its relevance to the field of intellectual disability. We also summarize
> some findings on pathways into and through services for offenders with
> intellectual disability.
> Findings Studies reveal that developmental adversity is an important
> risk variable. Previous and recent aggression are potent risk factors.
> New evidence suggests that immediate, proximal risk factors may be more
> important in this client group. The studies in this issue add to the
> knowledge on pathways into offending, important areas for assessment and
> effective treatments as well as advancing knowledge in the academic
> literature on general criminality.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 357-361 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300002
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Pre-Trial Reported Defendants in the Netherlands with Intellectual Disability, Borderline and Normal Intellectual Functioning
>
> Authors:
> Vinkers, DJ
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):357-361; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background Intellectually disabled offenders may have different
> characteristics than offenders with average intellectual functioning. We
> therefore compared pre-trial reported defendants with an IQ score 70,
> 71-84 and 85 points.
> Methods Nationwide database of pre-trial psychiatric reports requested
> by Dutch courts between 2000 and 2006 with a reported level of
> intellectual functioning (n=12 186).
> Results Defendants with an IQ score between 71 and 84 (n=2 439 reports;
> 20.0%) and 70 (n=539 reports; 4.4%) were younger, more often from an
> ethnic minority and more often diagnosed with psycho-organic syndromes,
> developmental and conduct disorders as compared with defendants with an
> IQ score of 85 or higher. In addition, there was an increased risk of
> attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and rape as indicted crime and
> a decreased odds ratio of having a steady job and cannabis abuse in
> defendants with an IQ score of 71-84.
> Conclusion Intellectually disabled defendants have different
> characteristics than defendants without intellectually disability.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 362-369 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300003
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Anti-Social Behaviour and Police Contact among 13-to 15-Year-old English Adolescents with and Without Mild/Moderate Intellectual Disability
>
> Authors:
> Emerson, E; Halpin, S
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):362-369; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Objectives To describe the rates of anti-social behaviour (ASB) among
> adolescents with/without mild/moderate intellectual disability (MMID).
> To estimate whether any differences could be attributable to differences
> in exposure to extraneous risk factors.
> Design Secondary analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in
> England.
> Methods Participants with MMID were identified through data linkage with
> educational records.
> Results Parents of children with MMID were more likely to report police
> contact, children with MMID were more likely to self-report
> fighting/public disturbance, shoplifting and graffiti. When controlling
> for differences in exposure to extraneous risk factors, MMID was
> associated with increased rates of police contact and self-reported
> graffiti, no difference in self-reported shoplifting, reduced rates of
> self-reported fighting/public disturbance and vandalism.
> Conclusions Differences in the rates of exposure to extraneous risk
> factors play an important role in accounting for the differences in the
> prevalence of self-reported ASB among adolescents with and without MMID.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 370-383 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300004
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Offending by People with Intellectual Disabilities in Community Settings: A Preliminary Examination of Contextual Factors
>
> Authors:
> Wheeler, JR; Clare, ICH; Holland, AJ
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):370-383; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background While several validated measures of the life circumstances of
> people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been developed, this
> stream of research has not yet been well integrated with environmentally
> oriented criminological theory to explain offending among people with
> ID. In this study, we attempt to provide a preliminary integration
> through an investigation of the relationship between contemporary life
> experiences, well-being, choice and offending among people with ID,
> exploring the relevance of two classic criminological theories (theories
> of strain and social control).
> Materials and Methods Questionnaire measures were used to compare a
> range of ordinary' life experiences [the Life Experiences Checklist'
> (LEC)], subjective well-being (the Personal Well-being Index - ID') and
> the extent of choice (the Choice Questionnaire'), between offenders
> (N=27) and non-offenders (N=19) with ID recruited through integrated
> (NHS and Local Authority) multi-disciplinary teams (community teams for
> adults with learning disabilities).
> Results Using regression analyses to explore the strength of
> associations with offending, it was found that an indicator of
> impoverished personal relationships, from the LEC provided the best
> predictor of offending. This finding appears to favour criminological
> explanations based on social control.
> Conclusions Existing measures of life circumstances can be used to
> explore environmentally oriented criminological theories, bringing
> benefits to our understanding and treatment of offenders with ID living
> in community settings.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 384-393 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300005
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Predicting Institutional Violence in Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities: The Predictive Efficacy of the VRAG and the HCR-20
>
> Authors:
> Fitzgerald, S; Gray, NS; Alexander, RT; Bagshaw, R; Chesterman, P;
> Huckle, P; Jones, SK; Taylor, J; Williams, T; Snowden, RJ
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):384-393; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background There is a developing evidence base to support the use of
> risk assessment instruments in offenders with intellectual disability
> (ID). The aim of this study was to try to develop this literature with
> the inclusion of a control group of mentally disordered offenders
> without an ID, using the HCR-20 and VRAG.
> Materials and Methods The VRAG and the HCR-20 were completed for a group
> of offenders with an ID (n=25) and a control group (n=45), in four
> medium-secure units across the UK. The outcome measure was physical
> aggression measured over 6months.
> Results Both instruments consistently produced large effect sizes
> predicting any physical aggression and severe physical aggression. The
> structured clinical judgement based on the HCR-20 was especially good.
> Conclusions The HCR-20 and the VRAG have excellent predictive efficacy
> in offenders with an ID. A structured clinical judgement based on the
> HCR-20 was especially predictive.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 394-403 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300006
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Prospective Dynamic Assessment of Risk of Sexual Reoffending in Individuals with an Intellectual Disability and a History of Sexual Offending Behaviour
>
> Authors:
> Lofthouse, RE; Lindsay, WR; Totsika, V; Hastings, RP; Boer, DP; Haaven,
> JL
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):394-403; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background The purpose of the present study was to add to the literature
> on the predictive accuracy of a dynamic intellectual disability specific
> risk assessment tool.
> Method A dynamic risk assessment for sexual reoffending (ARMIDILO-S), a
> static risk assessment for sexual offending (STATIC-99), and a static
> risk assessment for violence (Violence Risk Appraisal Guide [VRAG]) were
> completed for a sample of 64 adult males with an intellectual
> disability.
> Results The dynamic risk assessment for sexual offenders with an
> intellectual disability resulted in the best prediction of sexual
> reoffending (ARMIDILO-S area under the curve (AUC)=0.92) this was better
> than an established sexual offending static risk assessment (STATIC-99
> AUC=0.75). A static tool for violent reoffending, did not perform as
> well in this group (VRAG AUC=0.58).
> Conclusions Results suggest that dynamic variables are useful in
> predicting sexual reoffending with individuals with an intellectual
> disability, confirming previous findings. The ARMIDILO-S is a promising
> dynamic risk assessment for individuals with an intellectual disability.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 404-409 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300007
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Pathways into the Criminal Justice System for Individuals with Intellectual Disability
>
> Authors:
> Raina, P; Arenovich, T; Jones, J; Lunsky, Y
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):404-409; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background Studies focusing on pathways in the criminal justice system
> for individuals with intellectual disability are limited in that they
> only study individuals once they are involved in the system and do not
> consider the pathways into it. The purpose of this study is to examine
> predisposing factors that lead to various outcomes for individuals with
> intellectual disability when police are called to respond to their
> behavioural crises.
> Method The current study examined the outcome of police response to 138
> individuals with intellectual disability in crisis. Following police
> intervention, 15 individuals were arrested, 76 were taken to the
> emergency department and 47 received on-scene resolution. Comparisons
> between the three groups were conducted.
> Results The three groups differed in terms of residence at the time of
> crisis, history of forensic involvement and type of crisis. Police
> intervention with adults with intellectual disability can happen for
> different reasons. Both individual and situational predictors explained
> this outcome.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 410-419 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300008
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Different Factors Influence Self-Reports and Third-Party Reports of Anger by Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
>
> Authors:
> Rose, J; Willner, P; Shead, J; Jahoda, A; Gillespie, D; Townson, J;
> Lammie, C; Woodgate, C; Kroese, BS; Felce, D; MacMahon, P; Rose, N;
> Stimpson, A; Nuttall, J; Hood, K
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):410-419; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background Many people with intellectual disabilities display high
> levels of anger, and cognitive-behavioural anger management
> interventions are used routinely. However, for these methods to be used
> optimally, a better understanding is needed of different forms of anger
> assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of
> a range of measures to self- and carer reports of anger expression,
> including instruments used to assess mental health and challenging
> behaviour.
> Method Adults with intellectual disabilities, who had been identified as
> having problems with anger control, their key-workers and home carers
> all rated the service users' trait anger, using parallel versions of the
> same instrument (the Provocation Inventory). In addition, service users
> completed a battery of mental health assessments (the Glasgow Depression
> Scale, Glasgow Anxiety Scale and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and both
> groups of carers completed a battery of challenging behaviour measures
> (the Hyperactivity and Irritability domains of the Aberrant Behavior
> Checklist and the Modified Overt Anger Scale).
> Results Participants had high levels of mental health problems
> (depression: 34%; anxiety: 73%) and severe challenging behaviour (26%).
> Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to explore the extent
> to which anger ratings by the three groups of respondents were predicted
> by demographic factors, mental health measures and challenging behaviour
> measures. Older service users rated themselves as less angry and were
> also rated as less angry by home carers, but not by key-workers. More
> intellectually able service users were rated as more angry by both sets
> of carers, but not by the service users themselves. Significantly,
> mental health status (but not challenging behaviour) predicted service
> users' self-ratings of anger, whereas challenging behaviour (but not
> mental health status) predicted carers' ratings of service users' anger.
> Conclusions Service users and their carers appear to use different
> information when rating the service users' anger. Service users'
> self-ratings reflect their internal emotional state and mental health,
> as reflected by their ratings of anxiety and depression, whereas staff
> rate service users' anger on the basis of overt behaviours, as measured
> by challenging behaviour scales.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 420-434 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300009
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Autism Spectrum Disorder: Forensic Issues and Challenges for Mental Health Professionals and Courts
>
> Authors:
> Freckelton, I
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):420-434; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as defined in DSM-V, can be relevant in
> a variety of ways to decision-making by courts and tribunals. This
> includes the family, disciplinary, discrimination and criminal law
> contexts. By reviewing decisions made by superior courts in a number of
> common law jurisdictions, this article identifies a pivotal role for
> mental health professionals closely familiar with both the disorder and
> forensic exigencies to educate courts about the inner world of those
> with ASD. Highlighting areas of criminality that court decisions have
> dealt with, especially in relation to persons with Asperger's Disorder,
> as defined by DSM-IV, it calls for further research on the connection
> between ASD, on the one hand, and conduct, capacities and skills, on the
> other hand. It urges enhancement of awareness of the forensic
> repercussions of the disorder so that expert evidence can assist the
> courts more humanely and informedly to make criminal justice and other
> decisions.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 435-446 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300010
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Face Recognition and Description Abilities in People with Mild Intellectual Disabilities
>
> Authors:
> Gawrylowicz, J; Gabbert, F; Carson, D; Lindsay, WR; Hancock, PJB
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):435-446; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background People with intellectual disabilities (ID) are as likely as
> the general population to find themselves in the situation of having to
> identify and/or describe a perpetrator's face to the police. However,
> limited verbal and memory abilities in people with ID might prevent them
> to engage in standard police procedures.
> Method Two experiments examined face recognition and description
> abilities in people with mild intellectual disabilities (mID) and
> compared their performance with that of people without ID. Experiment 1
> used three old/new face recognition tasks. Experiment 2 consisted of two
> face description tasks, during which participants had to verbally
> describe faces from memory and with the target in view.
> Results Participants with mID performed significantly poorer on both
> recognition and recall tasks than control participants. However, their
> group performance was better than chance and they showed variability in
> performance depending on the measures introduced.
> Conclusions The practical implications of these findings in forensic
> settings are discussed.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 447-465 (Review)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300011
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> The Social Information Processing Model as a Framework for Explaining Frequent Aggression in Adults with Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
>
> Authors:
> Larkin, P; Jahoda, A; MacMahon, K
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):447-465; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background There is an established evidence base con-cerning the use of
> anger management interventions with violent offenders who have
> intellectual disabilities. However, there has been limited research
> investigating the role of social cognitive factors underpinning problems
> of aggression. Psychosocial sources of agg-ression in the non-disabled
> population are generally discussed using Social Information Processing
> (SIP) models.
> Method A systematic review of the available evidence was carried out to
> establish whether SIP offers a useful explanatory model for
> understanding the contribution of social cognitive factors to problems
> of aggression presented by people with intellectual disabilities.
> Results and conclusions Whilst research relating to the SIP model
> remains sparse for this population, there was evidence for different
> patterns of processing between aggressive and non-aggressive
> individuals. Group diff-erences included interpretation of emotional
> cues, inter-personal attributions and beliefs about the outcomes of
> aggressive behaviour. The future direction of SIP research with people
> who have intellectual disabilities is discussed, along with the
> possibility of using this framework to help build on current initiatives
> to develop individually tailored interventions to work at a cognitive
> level with those who are aggressive and offend.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 466-470 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300012
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> A Comparison of Anger in Offenders and Non-Offenders Who have Intellectual Disabilities
>
> Authors:
> Nicoll, M; Beail, N
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):466-470; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background There is growing evidence of the effectiveness of cognitive
> behavioural therapy to treat anger in offenders with intellectual
> disabilities. The aim is to lower anger levels; the rationale is that
> this will reduce recidivism. However, the hypothesis that anger levels
> amongst offenders are higher than non-offenders has not been tested.
> Method The study utilizes a case-comparison design to examine whether
> levels of anger are higher amongst people with intellectual disabilities
> who have offended in comparison with those who have not offended. Anger
> levels are compared for 29 offenders with intellectual disabilities and
> 27 non-offenders with intellectual disabilities (all male).
> Results No differences were found between offenders and non-offenders on
> measures of anger. The offending group was shown to have higher levels
> of aggression.
> Conclusions Results suggest that there is no difference in levels of
> anger between offender and non-offenders to begin with. The limitations
> of the study are discussed, but the implication of the study questions
> the legitimacy of the rationale to utilize anger treatment to reduce
> recidivism in offenders with intellectual disabilities.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 471-480 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300013
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> "Counterfeit Deviance' Revisited
>
> Authors:
> Griffiths, D; Hingsburger, D; Hoath, J; Ioannou, S
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):471-480; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background The field has seen a renewed interest in exploring the theory
> of counterfeit deviance' for persons with intellectual disability who
> sexually offend. The term was first presented in 1991 by Hingsburger,
> Griffiths and Quinsey as a means to differentiate in clinical assessment
> a subgroup of persons with intellectual disability whose behaviours
> appeared like paraphilia but served a function that was not related to
> paraphilia sexual urges or fantasies. Case observations were put forward
> to provide differential diagnosis of paraphilia in persons with
> intellectual disabilities compared to those with counterfeit deviance.
> The brief paper was published in a journal that is no longer available
> and as such much of what is currently written on the topic is based on
> secondary sources.
> Method The current paper presents a theoretical piece to revisit the
> original counterfeit deviance theory to clarify the myths and
> misconceptions that have arisen and evaluate the theory based on
> additional research and clinical findings. The authors also propose
> areas where there may be a basis for expansion of the theory.
> Results The theory of counterfeit deviance still has relevance as a
> consideration for clinicians when assessing the nature of a sexual
> offence committed by a person with an intellectual disability. Clinical
> differentiation of paraphilia from counterfeit deviance provides a
> foundation for intervention that is designed to specifically treat the
> underlying factors that contributed to the offence for a given
> individual.
> Discussion Counterfeit deviance is a concept that continues to provide
> areas for consideration for clinicians regarding the assessment and
> treatment of an individual with an intellectual disability who has
> sexually offended. It is not and never was an explanation for all
> sexually offending behavior among persons with intellectual
> disabilities.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 481-488 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300014
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Using Behavioural Skills Training to Treat Aggression in Adults with Mild Intellectual Disability in a Forensic Setting
>
> Authors:
> Travis, RW; Sturmey, P
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):481-488; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background Previous studies of anger management in people with
> intellectual disability failed to control for the effects of the number
> of provocative stimuli presented and lacked direct measures of behaviour
> and treatment integrity data.
> Methods This experiment systematically assessed and presented
> discriminative stimuli for aggressive behaviour, taught alternative
> behaviour in response to discriminative stimuli for aggressive behaviour
> and used behavioural skills training with three adults with mild
> intellectual disability.
> Results Following behavioural skills training, the adult's percentage of
> aggressive responses declined and replacement responses increased in
> response to provocative stimuli. Treatment gains generalized to novel
> antecedent events, novel staff and novel settings and were socially
> valid. After intervention, community trips increased for all three
> participants.
> Conclusions Behavioural skills training to teach alternate behaviour to
> aggression with carefully planned procedures to promote generalization
> caused a socially valid increase in alternate behaviour and a socially
> valid decrease in aggression.
>
> ========================================================================
>
>
> *Pages: 489-500 (Article)
> *View Full Record: http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Alerting&SrcApp=Alerting&DestApp=CCC&DestLinkType=FullRecord;KeyUT=CCC:000322842300015
> *Order Full Text [ ]
>
> Title:
> Men with Intellectual Disabilities who have Attended Sex Offender Treatment Groups: A Follow-Up
>
> Authors:
> Heaton, KM; Murphy, GH
>
> Source:
> *JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES*, 26 (5):489-500; SI SEP 2013
>
> Abstract:
> Background There have been a number of studies of treatment for men with
> intellectual disabilities and sexually abusive behaviour but few
> follow-up studies. Our aim was to follow up men with intellectual
> disabilities who had attended group cognitive behavioural treatment
> (CBT) for sexually abusive behaviour.
> Method Thirty-four men (from seven treatment sites) were followed up.
> All had attended SOTSEC-ID groups. The mean length of follow-up, since
> the end of the treatment group, was 44months (SD 28.7, range
> 15-106months).
> Results The statistically significant improvements in sexual knowledge,
> empathy and cognitive distortions that occurred during treatment were
> maintained at follow-up. In all, 11 of the 34 (32%) men showed further
> sexually abusive behaviour, but only two of these men received
> convictions. Analyses of the variables associated with further sexually
> abusive behaviour indicated that a diagnosis of autism was associated
> with a higher likelihood of further sexually abusive behaviour.
> Conclusions This study provides some evidence of the longer-term
> effectiveness of group CBT for men with intellectual disabilities and
> sexually abusive behaviour.
>
>

Article Alert: Pathways into the Criminal Justice System for Individuals with Intellectual Disability [feedly]

 
 

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Pathways into the Criminal Justice System for Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Title: Pathways into the Criminal Justice System for Individuals with Intellectual Disability
Author(s): Raina, Poonam; Arenovich, Tamara; Jones, Jessica; et al.
Source: JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, 26 (5): 404-409 SEP 2013
IDS#: 197IA. ISSN: 1360-2322

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Top-Ten Recent SSRN Downloads [feedly]

 
 

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Top-Ten Recent SSRN Downloads

in criminal law and procedure ejournals are here. The usual disclaimers apply. RankDownloadsPaper Title 1 881 Privacy Protests: Surveillance Evasion and Fourth Amendment Suspicion Elizabeth E. Joh, U.C. Davis School of Law, Date posted to database: June 26, 2013 2...

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ABA Criminal Justice Section Call for Papers and Conference [feedly]

 
 

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ABA Criminal Justice Section Call for Papers and Conference

Upon request, I am pleased to be able to share this announcement sent my way by Dr. William W. Berry III:

On Oct. 31-Nov. 1, 2013, the ABA criminal justice section will host its annual conference, this year at the Omni Shoreham in Washington, D.C. The first event of the conference, on the afternoon of Thursday, Oct. 31, is a workshop for scholarly papers relating to criminal justice. The workshop will run from 1-4 p.m.

All papers on criminal law, criminal procedure, or criminal justice topics are welcome. Participants will present their work in a roundtable format, and abstracts or drafts will be shared among presenters and discussants in advance of the workshop. Workshop presenters must also attend the criminal justice panels on Friday, Nov. 1. There will be three academic panels scheduled on Friday, one prior to lunch and two in the afternoon.

This is an excellent opportunity for academics at any stage of their careers, or those who would like to transition to academia, to workshop pieces at an early stage of development or obtain feedback on more developed pieces. Workshop presenters will be responsible for their own travel and hotel costs, and will be required to pay the conference registration fee.

Rooms at the Omni Shoreham are available at the conference rate of $169/night and can be reserved at 1-800-THE-OMNI (800/843-6664) (ask for the ABA 2013 Criminal Justice Section Fall Program).

To apply to workshop a paper, please email an abstract of your paper of no more than 500 words to Will Berry at wwberry@olemiss.edu by Sept. 1, 2013. Space is limited and presenters will be chosen by members of the organizing committee.

Please spread the word to those who might be interested, including those not yet in academia.

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Atkins MR/ID Death Penalty Court Decision: Burgess v AL (2013; Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals)

The recent Burgess v Alabama (2013; Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals) has just been added to the Atkins Court Decisions blog roll and is available here.

Law Review Article: Atkins v Virginia: The need for consistent substantive and procedural application of the ban on executing the intellectually disabled--Kathryn Raffensperger (2013)

The above titled article was recently published in the Denver University Law Review.  It has been added to the Atkins Related Law Review Articles blogroll (available here).

Top-Ten Recent SSRN Downloads [feedly]

 
 

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Top-Ten Recent SSRN Downloads

in criminal law and procedure ejournals are here. The usual disclaimers apply. RankDownloadsPaper Title 1 869 Privacy Protests: Surveillance Evasion and Fourth Amendment Suspicion Elizabeth E. Joh, U.C. Davis School of Law, Date posted to database: June 26, 2013 2...

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SCOTUS blog on camera: David Porter part one [feedly]

 
 

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SCOTUSblog on camera: David Porter part one

How the public defender sharpens legal arguments and makes cases easier, on both direct appeal and federal habeas.
In this five-part series, David Porter talks about direct federal appeals, habeas corpus and "being heard," changing ideas of crime, terrorism, and punishment; and the realities of "effective assistance of counsel" fifty years after Gideon v. Wainwright. Mr Porter is an Assistant Federal Defender at the Office of the Federal Defender for the Eastern District of California in Sacramento, California.
In association with Bloomberg Law

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IQs Corner Recent Literature of Interest: 8-12-13

Two weeks of "IQs Corner Recent Literature of Interest" is now available here.

Enjoy

WAIS-IV Profile of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Michel, N. M. et. al

http://asm.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1073191113478153

Hunt on the importance of Intelligence course in psychology programs---and suggestions on how to teach it

Very interesting article by Earl "Buzz" on the decrease in courses on Intelligence in psychology programs and his thoughts on how such a course should be taught.

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"Unpacking Neuroscience and Neurotechnology - Instructions not Included: Neuroethics Required." - Neuroethics & Law Blog [feedly]

 

"Unpacking Neuroscience and Neurotechnology - Instructions not Included: Neuroethics Required." - Neuroethics & Law Blog

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Top-Ten Recent SSRN Downloads [feedly]

 
 

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Top-Ten Recent SSRN Downloads

in criminal law and procedure ejournals are here. The usual disclaimers apply. RankDownloadsPaper Title 1 847 Privacy Protests: Surveillance Evasion and Fourth Amendment Suspicion Elizabeth E. Joh, U.C. Davis School of Law, Date posted to database: June 26, 2013 2...

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MILITARY DEATH PENALTY: Armed Services Rarely Carry Out Executions [feedly]

 
 

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MILITARY DEATH PENALTY: Armed Services Rarely Carry Out Executions

Criminal cases in the U.S. Military are conducted in special courts and under laws that differ from the rest of the country's justice system. Executions in this system are extremely rare. There have been no executions since 1961. "The military is a community of solidarity, a brotherhood and sisterhood, all to its own," said Teresa Norris, a former military defense lawyer who still represents a soldier on death row. "There is a real reluctance to execute fellow soldiers unless it's absolutely the worst kind of case and this is the only way." In 1983, a number of death sentences were commuted to life when a military appeals court found the military death penalty unconstitutional. The law was revised in 1984. One of the most significant concerns about capital punishment in the military is the decentralized nature of its judicial system. Dwight Sullivan, a former Marine prosecutor, said, "Even if you have 2 identical cases, one being prosecuted by one commander at one base and the other being prosecuted by a commander at another base, you may have different outcomes because the commanders may have different philosophies." There are currently five inmates on the military death row in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, all of whose cases are under legal review. Three are black, two are white. The trial of Army Maj. Nidal Hasan, a psychiatrist charged with a deadly shooting rampage at Fort Hood, Texas, is scheduled to begin August 6.

(C. Carter, "Military death row: More than 50 years and no executions," CNN, July 28, 2013). See U.S. Military.

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Article: AAIDD Applauds SSA Rule Change

AAIDD Applauds SSA Rule Change
http://aaidd.org/news-policy/news/releases/2013/08/01/aaidd-applauds-ssa-rule-change

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